Contaminated gas from the tank is directed into the scrubber through the ventilation system. Inside, the air meets liquid, typically water or a chemical solution. In a packed bed scrubber, the liquid is distributed over the surface of the packing material, creating a thin film.
The packed bed consists of specially designed elements such as rings, saddles, or other geometrical shapes that provide a large surface area for contact. As the contaminated gas passes through the packed bed, pollutants are absorbed by the water on the surface of the packing material. Pollutants, such as VOCs, acidic gases, dust, and other particles, are captured by the liquid. This process may involve physical absorption (dissolution of gases in the water) and/or chemical reactions (neutralization of acids and bases).
The air-liquid mixture enters a separator where the cleaned air is separated from the fluid, achieved using a mist eliminator. The cleaned air exits the scrubber and is released into the atmosphere through a chimney or other ventilation system.
Polluted water is directed to a collection tank. A pump draws the liquid from the collection tank and returns it to the spray zone or the packed bed for reuse. This pump ensures constant movement of the water, which is necessary for effective pollutant capture.