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Author:
Nikulin V, Head of Engineering
Nikulin V, Head of Engineering
To prevent public nuisance, odors from production must be monitored closely. With no formal standards in place, complaints based on subjective perception can lead to fines. Implementing effective odor abatement methods helps prevent such issues.
Sources of Industrial Odors
Common sources of odors include wastewater treatment plants, chemical and industrial facilities, vegetable storage sites, silage storage, breweries, pulp and paper mills, wood processing facilities, biotechnology and feed production operations, fermentation and waste processing plants, brick manufacturing, among others.
When approaching odor neutralization, the first step is to identify the nature of the odor—whether it is strong and difficult to remove or relatively mild—as this will determine the type of treatment system required.
When approaching odor neutralization, the first step is to identify the nature of the odor—whether it is strong and difficult to remove or relatively mild—as this will determine the type of treatment system required.
Malodorous industrial waste
Comparison of Technologies and Methods
The following methods for the neutralization of odors can be used:
1. Chemical odor neutralization – uses water or a chemical solution to absorb odorous compounds; this method is often employed as a pre-treatment step before biofiltration.
2. Adsorption – relies on materials like activated carbon to capture odor molecules on their surface; the carbon can be chemically treated to more effectively target specific gases such as ammonia or hydrogen sulfide.
1. Chemical odor neutralization – uses water or a chemical solution to absorb odorous compounds; this method is often employed as a pre-treatment step before biofiltration.
2. Adsorption – relies on materials like activated carbon to capture odor molecules on their surface; the carbon can be chemically treated to more effectively target specific gases such as ammonia or hydrogen sulfide.
Effectiveness of Adsorbers in Removing Malodors and Contaminants
3. Biofiltration – utilizes living microorganisms to break down odorants. The air is passed through a layer of filter media which naturally harbors bacteria that consume and oxidize the pollutants.
Odor Neutralization Systems: Design and Components
Depending on the chosen method, the following odor neutralization system is installed:
- Adsorbers, typically consisting of a housing containing support grids with a layer of adsorbent (carbon, zeolites, silica gels, or impregnated carbons, the surface of which is modified with chemicals for chemisorption). A preliminary coarse filtration system may be installed upstream of the adsorber.
- Dry scrubbers – their operating principle is similar to that of adsorbers; however, here the pollutant does not simply adhere to the surface but forms new chemical compounds through reaction. Inside the housing, a layer of granular or powdered reagent (such as metal oxides or hydroxides) is typically placed.
- Wet scrubbers – a chemical neutralization system typically designed as a vertical column equipped with spray nozzles that distribute the liquid across the airflow, along with a mist eliminator (demister) that captures and returns the liquid to the system.
- Biological filters – these rely on a filter layer composed of wood chips, bark, compost, peat, or mixtures thereof, as well as synthetic materials. A biofilm containing bacteria forms on the surface of the media, and as the air passes through, the bacteria oxidize the odorous compounds.
The choice of housing material and internal components is critical due to the aggressiveness of the environments involved. Fiberglass (FRP) is the most popular material for scrubber housings, offering high corrosion resistance, light weight, and sufficient strength. Chemically resistant polypropylene (PP) is also widely used for low-pressure housings, pipelines, and as a material for nozzles and packing inside scrubbers. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is most commonly used for piping due to its rigidity and chemical resistance. Stainless steel (grades SUS304, SUS316) is employed where high mechanical strength, heat resistance, and corrosion resistance are required.
Torch-Air Plastic Biological Filtration System
Acid Neutralization Pit Odor Neutralizer
Vegetable and fruit storage in basements generates emissions containing acidic gases (hydrogen sulfide, mercaptans, organic acids) and alkaline gases (ammonia). Low-capacity wet scrubbers are best suited for this application. Since cellar air contains both types of compounds, a two-stage scrubber is optimal: first-stage acid treatment neutralizes ammonia, while second-stage alkali treatment removes hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans.
Operating a cellar scrubber has specific requirements. pH sensors should monitor solution acidity due to variable pollutant loads. Low winter temperatures may necessitate insulation or antifreeze solutions. A coarse filter upstream prevents nozzle clogging from cellar dust.
The spent scrubbing solution contains neutralized pollutants and must be periodically replaced—it cannot be discharged onto ground and requires proper disposal or pumping by sewage trucks.
Operating a cellar scrubber has specific requirements. pH sensors should monitor solution acidity due to variable pollutant loads. Low winter temperatures may necessitate insulation or antifreeze solutions. A coarse filter upstream prevents nozzle clogging from cellar dust.
The spent scrubbing solution contains neutralized pollutants and must be periodically replaced—it cannot be discharged onto ground and requires proper disposal or pumping by sewage trucks.
TORNADO ST Stainless Steel Spray Tower Scrubber
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Head of Engineering,
Vladimir Nikulin
Vladimir Nikulin
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