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Author:
Anna Frank, Equipment Selection Expert
Anna Frank, Equipment Selection Expert
The development of industry and agriculture has one major drawback — the emission of hazardous compounds into the atmosphere. These substances may produce strong unpleasant odors or be completely undetectable by humans. Many of them can cause harm not only to the environment but also to humans and animals. For this reason, air purifiers for odor control and hazardous impurities are critical equipment for virtually all industrial and agricultural operations.
Types of Chemically Hazardous Odorous Substances
According to their effects on the human body, hazardous compounds are classified as choking agents, systemic poisons, and corrosive substances. There are also neurotropic toxins, which cause damage to the human central nervous system (CNS). This group includes carbon disulfide and organophosphorus compounds.
A significant danger is also posed by metabolic poisons, which exhibit alkylating activity and interfere with metabolic processes within the body.
The clinical manifestation of exposure depends on the specific type of hazardous substance:
A significant danger is also posed by metabolic poisons, which exhibit alkylating activity and interfere with metabolic processes within the body.
The clinical manifestation of exposure depends on the specific type of hazardous substance:
- Ammonia (a colorless gas with a sharp smell) — at high concentrations, it can cause suffocation, cardiac arrhythmia, coughing, increased heart rate, allergic skin and mucosal reactions, eye irritation with tearing, skin frostbite, and blister burns.
Pollution of the environment
- Chlorine (a yellow-green gas with a sharp odor) — exposure may lead to chest pain, intense tearing, vomiting, dry cough, and impaired motor coordination.
- Hydrogen sulfide (a colorless gas with a characteristic foul odor) — causes severe headaches, photophobia, excessive tearing, nausea, vomiting, metallic taste in the mouth, and cold sweating.
Odor Wet Scrubbers Design, Applications, and Advantages
Filtration of Putrid Smells and Organic Compounds
Most industrial sectors are designed to prevent the generation of malodorous substances in large quantities. Nevertheless, research in this area continues. The highest efficiency in the neutralization of organic compounds from wastewater, livestock waste, and biodegradable refuse has been observed using mixtures of aldehydes and ketones.
For small-scale extraction of unpleasant smells, a polyurethane gel applied to replaceable plates can be employed. A volatile gel-release agent is then applied to the surface. Gas purification is achieved by installing these plates in air ducts or shafts.
For small-scale extraction of unpleasant smells, a polyurethane gel applied to replaceable plates can be employed. A volatile gel-release agent is then applied to the surface. Gas purification is achieved by installing these plates in air ducts or shafts.
Air Purification from Hydrogen Sulfide Emissions
Humans can detect hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) at concentrations as low as 1.5 mg/m³. At 0.1% of inhaled air, exposure can be lethal. H₂S poses a dual hazard: it is toxic to the human body and can become explosive when mixed with air.
Hydrogen sulfide odor control units are essential because, at certain concentrations, humans may lose the ability to detect the characteristic 'rotten egg' malodor, indicating olfactory nerve paralysis, while the gas continues to exert toxic effects on the body.
Indoor removal of hydrogen sulfide and other industrial emissions achieved using wet or dry absorption units. The choice of method depends on the specifics of the production processes.
Hydrogen sulfide odor control units are essential because, at certain concentrations, humans may lose the ability to detect the characteristic 'rotten egg' malodor, indicating olfactory nerve paralysis, while the gas continues to exert toxic effects on the body.
Indoor removal of hydrogen sulfide and other industrial emissions achieved using wet or dry absorption units. The choice of method depends on the specifics of the production processes.
H2S Scrubber
Wet Scrubbers
The purification process involves capturing gaseous components using a liquid reagent. Hydrogen sulfide odor control filters demonstrate high efficiency when alkaline solutions are used as the liquid reagent.
In industrial settings, the following types of odor-control scrubbers may be used to remove hydrogen sulfide and other hazardous compounds:
In industrial settings, the following types of odor-control scrubbers may be used to remove hydrogen sulfide and other hazardous compounds:
- Packed-bed absorbers: Structured packing are installed inside the scrubber housing and sprayed with an alkaline solution. Harmful components are retained by the liquid microfilm formed on these surfaces.
- Foam-inertial scrubbers with a floating-bed: Used for capturing hydrogen sulfide in mixtures with other compounds. The chamber is filled with polypropylene spheres suspended in an alkaline solution.
- Tray Tower (Plate Column, Foam Scrubbers): Contaminants are captured by a foam layer generated on perforated trays as gas passes through the openings.
Chemical scrubbers for odor control are made from special materials resistant to aggressive environments.
Wet scrubbers have become widely adopted as odor-control devices for the following reasons:
Wet scrubbers have become widely adopted as odor-control devices for the following reasons:
- Scrubbers that absorb malodorous substances purify wet media without prior drying, including aerosol mists, vapors, suspensions, smoke, and emulsions;
- Units function simultaneously as dust collectors, eliminating sticky, viscous, or agglomeration-prone contaminants, such as ash and soot;
- Filtration of high-temperature and chemically active contaminants, including sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, carbon disulfide, and others;
- Air scrubber odor control is capable of separating valuable sludge if reagents are properly chosen.
- Wet scrubber odor control is characterized by simple design, rapid reconfiguration, full automation, long service life, and low cost;
- The absorption tower features self-cleaning, with no replacement of internal components required.
Carbon Adsorbers
Carbon-based odor control air purifiers are widely used in the food, chemical, and petrochemical industries, as well as in semiconductor manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, and other sectors. A key advantage of these units is simple maintenance and the presence of automatic sensors designed to monitor the operational status of the system.
The characteristics of carbon absorbers are as follows:
A ducted carbon filter for odor and pollution control comprises a branched network of channels designed to collect contaminated airflow from multiple sources. The collected emissions are then merged into a single flow for treatment. Some ducted units perform localized purification at each contamination source.
Ducted, adsorber-type units are the most commonly used, providing centralized deodorization of a single stream due to their cost-effectiveness and simple design.
Our engineers recommend using adsorbers as a sanitary stage in a multi-level gas purification system.
We manufacture industrial odor air purification equipment under the “Sirocco” series. It operates in a reservoir with clean water or at the outlet with chemical reagents, acids, or salts. There is also a “Sirocco” model for indoor use, designed to remove carbon dioxide.
The characteristics of carbon absorbers are as follows:
- Units can regenerate valuable elements from the contaminated medium. For example, pure sulfur can be recovered from activated carbon used to filter hydrogen sulfide from the air.
- An adsorber operate with a wide range of sorbents capable of retaining various types of contaminants.
- They remove only dry pollutants; for humid media, a drying chamber is required.
- Adsorber require regeneration (purging) of the adsorbent material. Periodically, the entire adsorbent must be replaced, as the pores become clogged with contaminants.
- It is recommended to install at least two adsorbers: one functioning as a deodorizer, and the other as a regenerator for valuable elements.
A ducted carbon filter for odor and pollution control comprises a branched network of channels designed to collect contaminated airflow from multiple sources. The collected emissions are then merged into a single flow for treatment. Some ducted units perform localized purification at each contamination source.
Ducted, adsorber-type units are the most commonly used, providing centralized deodorization of a single stream due to their cost-effectiveness and simple design.
Our engineers recommend using adsorbers as a sanitary stage in a multi-level gas purification system.
We manufacture industrial odor air purification equipment under the “Sirocco” series. It operates in a reservoir with clean water or at the outlet with chemical reagents, acids, or salts. There is also a “Sirocco” model for indoor use, designed to remove carbon dioxide.
If clean water is used for gas cleaning, it must remain isolated from organic compounds during storage to avoid oxidation. To ensure effective filtration of the gas-air mixture, the adsorber for a clean water tank is installed on the breathing valve.
If the tanks contain acids, reagents, or salts, the purification of the toxic substances is performed at the tank outlet. Installing the system on the breathing valve or another nearby surface of the tank is recommended.
If the tanks contain acids, reagents, or salts, the purification of the toxic substances is performed at the tank outlet. Installing the system on the breathing valve or another nearby surface of the tank is recommended.
Biofilters
Odor control filtration in industrial settings can also be performed using biological filters. These systems are often employed in catering facilities, agricultural and livestock industries, waste processing plants, and other applications.
The operating principle of biofilters is based on the natural decomposition and oxidation of odors and harmful compounds by microorganisms, converting them into water or carbon dioxide. The efficiency of such systems typically ranges from 80% to 99%.
An important advantage of this type of equipment is its fully autonomous operation: it does not require connection to the electrical network and requires no maintenance throughout its service life. For the design and construction of a biofilter, consult our specialists.
The operating principle of biofilters is based on the natural decomposition and oxidation of odors and harmful compounds by microorganisms, converting them into water or carbon dioxide. The efficiency of such systems typically ranges from 80% to 99%.
An important advantage of this type of equipment is its fully autonomous operation: it does not require connection to the electrical network and requires no maintenance throughout its service life. For the design and construction of a biofilter, consult our specialists.
Overview | Air purification with biofiltration
Ventilation Filters
Malodor consists of volatile solid particles that disperse into the air and are detected by olfactory receptors. Ventilation filters are used to capture these particles. The main types of equipment are described below.
Mechanical Filter
These odor-control air filters for exhaust ventilation are designed for initial coarse filtration of contaminated streams containing particles with a diameter of 5 µm or larger. The design includes a multi-cellular mesh and can be supplemented with cellulose or other specialized fabrics. Depending on the material, the mesh is either single-use or reusable. Single-use meshes are discarded once most cells become clogged with contaminants. Reusable meshes are washed under running water or with specialized cleaning agents before reuse.
HEPA and ULPA
A HEPA sorbent is capable of odor removal. It is made of paper impregnated with a bactericidal agent, which removes harmful micro-particles from the room while preventing accumulation and reproduction of microorganisms inside the unit. The paper is protected from mechanical damage by a plastic housing.
A more economical HEPA version uses synthetic material instead of paper, but the paper-based filter demonstrates higher purification efficiency.
ULPA equipment is employed in settings that demand ultra-fine sterile particle removal, retaining particles down to 0.12 µm. The special structure of the media enhances efficiency over time. The purification principle relies on mechanical retention of particles by the element. ULPA units are installed in air ducts, ventilation systems, laminar ceiling cabinets, and cleanroom enclosures.
A more economical HEPA version uses synthetic material instead of paper, but the paper-based filter demonstrates higher purification efficiency.
ULPA equipment is employed in settings that demand ultra-fine sterile particle removal, retaining particles down to 0.12 µm. The special structure of the media enhances efficiency over time. The purification principle relies on mechanical retention of particles by the element. ULPA units are installed in air ducts, ventilation systems, laminar ceiling cabinets, and cleanroom enclosures.
HEPA and ULPA
Electrostatic Filter
Electrostatic units remove particles from 0.01 µm. This odor control machine is not recommended for aerosol filtration; it is highly effective for removing mists, soot, smoke, and non-metallic inclusions.
Since electrostatic filtration assumes the absence of explosive particles in the contaminated stream, pre-filtration is required. For this purpose, the ventilation system must include a secondary filtration stage.
Electrostatic filtration removes up to 95% of malodorous substances and harmful impurities, allowing the purified airflow to be returned to the room.
Since electrostatic filtration assumes the absence of explosive particles in the contaminated stream, pre-filtration is required. For this purpose, the ventilation system must include a secondary filtration stage.
Electrostatic filtration removes up to 95% of malodorous substances and harmful impurities, allowing the purified airflow to be returned to the room.
Electrostatic Filter
Photocatalytic Filter (PCO)
Most existing filters accumulate contaminants and other inclusions, requiring periodic cleaning. The PCO operation does not require cleaning, which is a significant advantage. This is because trapped contaminants are decomposed during operation.
The construction includes porous glass, which is coated with a thin catalytic film of titanium dioxide. Under the influence of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, this film promotes the decomposition of organic contaminants into water and carbon dioxide. Secondary inclusions accumulate in the micro-pores of the glass, and the presence of titanium dioxide decomposes them into water and carbon dioxide.
A significant advantage of PCO (photocatalytic oxidation) systems is their low energy consumption. The pump in this unit consumes significantly less electricity than similar equipment.
The construction includes porous glass, which is coated with a thin catalytic film of titanium dioxide. Under the influence of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, this film promotes the decomposition of organic contaminants into water and carbon dioxide. Secondary inclusions accumulate in the micro-pores of the glass, and the presence of titanium dioxide decomposes them into water and carbon dioxide.
A significant advantage of PCO (photocatalytic oxidation) systems is their low energy consumption. The pump in this unit consumes significantly less electricity than similar equipment.
Photocatalytic Filter (PCO)
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We always perform precise calculations and offer expert assistance in selecting the optimal dust collection or gas cleaning systems, typically completing this process within 1 to 2 days
Head of Engineering,
Vladimir Nikulin
Vladimir Nikulin
CALCULATION AND SELECTION
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